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" Limelight " this subject so beautiful which seems badly known and a little forgotten..... |
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by Hélène Bugat-Pujol |
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Now four years ago, Poupendol put
on-line a study of Miss Marie Koenig's very beautiful book at the
origin of the creation, rare in the time, of a prestigious
dolls museum. The book which had been of use to us as reference was
already of Miss Koenig is entitled " Poupées et
Légendes de France " ( Dolls and Legends of France
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Published in Paris by " Librairie Centrale des Beaux Arts, 13 Street
Lafayette Paris.
It is likely that it was
edited on the occasion of the Big World Fair of 1900 if we judge it by
Mister Mautrice Buchor's foreword which tells how he took the
decision to see representing these dolls there. It contains no date of
edition as was often the case at the end of the XXth century and
process only regional French dolls.
During these last four years, besides the fact that this article was asked for more to us, it is one of the reasons for which we put back it on Poupendol, I had the possibility of getting a second book on this very rich subject, always of the same author, entitled simply " Museum of dolls " in the Editions Hachette, dated 1909. It processes Historic Dolls, peasant Dolls, Colonial Dolls, finally Foreign Dolls. It is a beautiful book gilded on slice too, more than three hundred pages. And every chapter is decorated with a photo of the doll which it describes. All are turned yellow, naturally, by time but we worked a lot the one who justifies these lines. You will find below the study published into 2004 which will be followed of an examination of the work of 1909 with the reproduction of a very beautiful illustration. |
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zzzzzzThe
very first regional dolls date, it seems, years 1830-50 and were made
in papier maché. However, from the production of the very
first biscuit dolls in France, documents give evidence of the existence
of these, dressed in regional traditional suit. So, in 19-th century,
one proposed regional dolls as well in the French shops of dolls of
province as in the department stores of Paris. It was moreover a market
become international, remained very active until the neighborhood of
1890 when it has then, begun to fall.
zzzzzz
It is of this time
that date the most important collections of dolls in regional dresses.
Among the most famous, quote that always preserved of Madam
Marin-Guelliote, I believe, in the Museum of Gueret, that of duchess of
Rohan kept in Chateau de Josselin, and that of Miss Marie Koenig,
called at once " Museum of Dolls ". It is indeed at this moment that
this last one launched the exhibitions of dolls in local suits and that
was created what one called " The Educational Museum " (
1890 ).  |
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ZZZZZZZ"
To place Marie Koenig's work, general Inspector of the education, it is
necessary to remind the birth of state education free and compulsory to
which are attached the names of Victor Duruy and Jules Ferry, among
others. Pressed on the network of the teachers of France and colonies,
she had respite to collect dolls dressed in the various French regions.
Taking charge of manual works for the feminine schools, she exposed at
first, to the "Exposition Universelle" of Paris in1889, to the" Palais
de l'Industrie ", in an entitled section " The arts of the Woman ",
works resulting from different schools, as well as from dolls. Then she
settled in 1890 a permanent exhibition of these objects in the premises
of the teachers' training college of maternal schoolteachers, street
Gay-Lussac in Paris. Then, she exposed in Lyons in 1894, in Rouen in
1896, even ......in Chicago to the International Exhibition of 1893 !
ZZZZZZ Finally in the World Fair of 1900 in Paris where this presentation obtained a Golden medal! " |
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Paysan Vosgien |
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LLLL
In February 1905, Miss Marie Koenig even obtained a ministerial decree
asking the teachers to make dolls by their pupils within the framework
of their works of sewing. Marie Koenig was " Lauréat de
l'Institut " ( Prize-winner of the Institute ), what at the time (and
even now ) is not common matter for a woman.....
LLLLLL
Success was immense and dolls streamed of all the places of France and
colonies. They were realized sometimes by the pupils, sometimes by the
schoolteachers, or the manageresses themselves......and even by the
inspectors! "
LLLLL Dolls arrived all with index cards detailed on the history, the manners or the local activities, the names of the various details of clothes, anecdotes or legends on the made suit being often given in the used local language.... The most popular regional dolls and also the most numerous were the Breton and Alsatian girls, followed by the Provençal. They were also the heroines of different popular legends, as Mélusine (Poitou), Sainte-Énimie (Lozère), Rose la beurrière (Artois), the little Fadette (Berry), etc. |
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LLLLLL
Birth, fashion and also craze for the dolls explain oneself by the
development of the ways of communication notably of the railway - and
of what we call today "tourism ". Movements made more and more frequent
and if the Parisians who arrived in province were surprised and were
seduced by the local fashion, it( did not go away also inhabitants of
these regions which very fast evolved towards a stake more fashion and
so "more urban".
MMMMMMDanger
for these French regions to lose their identity and a wide part of
their customs, manners and customs ancestral seemed very fast.
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LLLLLL
So the big Provençal poet Frédéric
Mistral became attached very fast to the creation of the magnificent
Arlaten museum which lives the day in 1899, in Arles so, as its name
indicates it. This one had moreover already published a long and
beautiful study on the history and the evolution of the headgear ......
exactly arlésienne from 1884 !
MMMMMMarie
Koenig published two books to present these notes in an aim, at the
same time, instructive, patriotic and moral purpose, reporting numerous
interesting facts on the ethnographical plan notably. These dolls and
their documentation are now in " Musee National des Arts et Traditions
Populaire " of Paris (at present in process of move ).
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LLLLLL
Here is for the historic of this unique collection stayed in the annals
of any serious study on the doll. Let us remind that in 1909, this
collection had 460 dolls ! (Historic, peasant, colonial, foreign).
LLLLLL But the former beautiful dolls in regional clothes are rare today. They were often victims of the children, or the collectors themselves, who have taken off these clothes to adorn their babies and dolls of the more sophisticated clothes of the city. What is very harmful for the rich story of these suits, as for their beauty as for their often very elaborated manufacture . LLLLLL And moreover, what were they? |
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LLLLLL
There were many sorts naturally, but among them, there was also what it
is agreed for say beautiful, very beautiful dolls.
LLLLLL
So a very beautiful auction Thériaults took place on
January, 9, 2000 to the United States.
LLLLLL
The dolls, more than one hundred ! were it, it seems, of
magnificent protected well examples. Among them, one Jumeau in suit of
Finisterre sold $ 5000 against an estimation of 3000/ 4000,
one Simon and Halbig mould 1159,with a Jumeau body, in suit of
Hautes-Pyrénées, estimated $1500/2000 part, she,
in $ 3100 !.
LLLLLL Gautier size "16 ", about 1870's, in Breton suit, completely of origin, estimated $ 3.000/4.000 making $ 4.400, a Gautier of about 1890, size "13 " in suit of Poitou, completely of origin, labelled and in its boite ......... etc.
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LLLLLL
This auction had been moreover preceded by a very precise conference on
the History of the regional French suits given by Miss Anne Tricaud,
Conservative of Patrimony to the " Musee National des Arts and
Traditions Populaires " of Paris, where are still count Marie Koenig's
dolls.
LLLLLL
This same sale had also given place in the edition of a very beautiful
book, with photos colours of all these dolls, book useful for all,
collectors of dolls or interested on the ethnic plan.
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LLLLLLEnding
this brief study, I wanted to privilege for the guests illustrations
and so magnificent dolls which one discovers in the course of the pages
of this miss Marie Koenig's magnificent work.
LLLLLL I wish you to find it one day... LLLLLL
It will not be easy but you will take there so much pleasure and will
find there such a delight as I wish you the chance to meet it !
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LLLLLL
I do not resist to the pleasure to close this study, with a dictation
made by a little girl, Eugénie Cotelle, 11 years
old , in " 1-st Division " as one said then. This dictation is dated
September, 20, 1882, the start of the new school year having taken
place on September 5. It is included in an enormous binding of
redleather, with initials in golden letter " E.C " on the first of
coverage !
Read rather :
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LLLLLL
"
By going through during a week and a half World Fair*, I discovered
among dolls noisy and adorned with rich toilet,
LLLLL A simple handmaid of the Calvados* *dressed in true Norman woman and next to her a Breton farmer. Late my mother liked seeing in toys these suits of our provinces, they teach the children that all the inhabitants of France do not wear black clothes and dresses in falbalas. By looking at them, their imagination travels and they become used to observe around them the differences of suit, language and customs. Here are good customs. And then this Norman farmer and this Breton look like so fair people!He is all in his sunday best this small farmer with his brown jacket and his white necktie. |
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But
in the quiet and satisfied appearance one sees that he worked all
complete week without losing half an hour. And the small handmaid! Look
at this big shirt of grey canvas, at this woolen underskirt with black
and white lines, these low grey and and these hoofs. Which good and
frank rustic character, it is a nice girl, it is sure, cleanliness and
laborious who has peace of mind and health of the body ."
LLLLL
Here
are true simple, pleasant and useful dolls.
LLLLL
As
for this scatterbrains which become starchy in their beautiful silk
dresses, I do not want it for any price when one would send them to me
frank port "
E. Cotelle |
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NB : I naturally respected scrupulously spelling and was not able to understand this syllable ' tap ' of the title. *Allusion is made here for the World Fair of 1881 ** Calvados : district of Normandie July 2004
POUPEE DE LA
MARTINIQUE
By Miss Marie
Koenig
(Extracted from her second book " Museum of Dolls "
Published by Hachette and Company in 1909)
This beautiful doll was dressed in one of the
elementary schools of Saint-Pierre de la Martinique, in the spring of
year 1901. She had to remind only sunny souvenirs, and the good
laughter of the girls which so worked merrily for Muséee of
dolls of the capital.
With which enjoyment the children had put on her attractive black head, the flat scarf which forms headband on the forehead, and which is surmounted by the point called ' provocation ' ........ Every small cheerful persons had had the honor to cut, with good-looking scissors, the teeth of the silky steering wheel of the beautiful color dress of the rising sun; others more skillful, had frowned it and fixed to the skirt. Each had made something: a point here, a point there. We had been very proud to sew the tie of the underskirt of muslin, to spend, around the neck of the elegant doll, the rich golden necklace which you can see. The primary school teacher, however, had saved herself the care of turning around temples these fullness of hair, sorts of pompoms which give to the hairstyle of the woman from Martinique a great originality. Oh ! As ready time, every body looked at the attractive doll, while she was placed in the middle of a sheet of white paper, on the desk of the teacher in .......... We had friendly said goodbye to the doll, we had given her a graceful name, that of Josephine, so dear to Martinique. The girls had sung around her a rhythmical round full of spirit " As we would like to leave with you, small attractive doll had murmured some girls.... " ".... You will say hello to all the dolls of the Museum " had been the last words pronounced by a six-year-old girl completely drolette.
Finally, the hour of the separation had rung, babies had
kissed " Josephine's " hands. It was finished. In a solid cardboard,
she had been packed-up with some pink paper, all the folds of
her dress were pulled well, the doll had to arrivât
without rustle; then, she had been put in an iron box, nailed and sent
to the educational Museum with the aid of a young naval officer.
This officer had asked for her to the school and she had to join to the Museum the sendings which he had already made, while he was aboard "Iphigénie" and when " he made his first campaign of Madagascar. It was the tour of the moms of the girls of Saint Pierre's school. As left the bâteau which took Josephine, they sang a naive lament known well in the Antilles :
Any
reproduction
rights (text and photos) even partial, rigorously |
